A make up artist job

The job of a make-up artist is my lifelong ambition. Since early childhood, I was impressed with the mysterious world of stage and cinema and eager to make a contribution to the sphere. I believe that make-up artists are making a great deal to make artists’ appearance before cameras intriguing and appealing. There are also a number of things about the career that appeal to me at this point. First, it involves communication with people. As make-up artists work with movie stars, television hosts, and theatre actors, this means communication with interesting, talented people who bring their gifts to stage presentations. As someone fascinated with the artistic world, I am eager to foster relationships in it that can turn into lasting friendships. Contributing to their looks on the screen and on stage, I can become an important person in their lives and one to whom they turn for support and advice. Second, I like the creativity of the job. A human face can appear to the world in such a distinct variety of looks that it is really breath-taking to imagine. The make-up artist can use one’s innate ability to add a new touch to anybody’s face, making it more or less impressive. I am excited to learn ways to present the same face from a different standpoint, demonstrating its different aspects and qualities. I believe that there is great opportunity to use one’s creative abilities in this kind of job. Since I am always booming with ideas, I feel that a job of such kind is right for me. Third, it is very important that this job relates to human beauty. Personally, I sometimes admire how good-looking people can be. People are so different, and the make-up artist’s job is to bring out their individuality, underscoring their most appealing qualities. Working on the human face is so exciting because, no matter how trite this phrase seems, the face is the mirror of the soul and is thus the most important part of appearance. Trying to reveal the beauty of the human face is very exciting, especially when one works with a face that does not fit into social beauty standards. I would be especially thrilled to work on such faces, attempting to show the world the inner beauty of these people. I also enjoy the technical part of the profession and its various challenges. I know that I will have to gain a thorough understanding of technical issues involved and details of the photographic process, shooting, colors, special effects, and the like. I am really interested in seeing all these details in work and gain a thorough understanding of them. When I finish the make up artist school, I intend to seek a job, perhaps on television or in the movie industry. This is my first choice because I believe that a make-up artist has a lot to do in those areas. This work is going to be creative and offer opportunities for self-development. I would love to secure a permanent job with a film-making company or a TV channel. I understand that it may be unrealistic at some point and therefore am prepared to deal with assignments on a contract basis, offering my services to different companies for temporary projects. I hope that over time, as my experience increases, I will obtain access to interesting projects with attractive compensation. Preparing make-up for a well-known movie would be the pinnacle of my career. To attain this goal, I plan to do a lot of networking in the industry and related trade bodies and associations. In this way, I can increase my participation in the industry and foster good connections. I would also love to find a mentor who can guide me through the intricacies of the profession. This is why I would gladly accept an assistant position as my first job. I hope that with due effort, a career in this industry can become a reality for me. Â   Â  

Orwell Analysis Essay

In the story from â€Å"Shooting an Elephant†, the author George Orwell employs irony and simile(s) to develop a nostalgic yet relieved attitude regarding shooting the elephant in order to comment about imperialism. The author’s choice in the usage of irony reveals his sense of imperialism. In paragraph 11 the author George Orwell reports â€Å"—but I heard the devilish roar of glee that went up from the crowd†. The use of irony emphasizes the peer pressure that the author felt by the Native people. The fact that the author has mixed feelings about the shooting of the elephant indicates that he doesn’t know what to do. With the crowd roaring with excitement and happiness, they are expecting something to happen and in return he wants to achieve their happiness. Although he doesn’t want to kill the elephant, he also doesn’t want to disappoint the Natives. More so, he wants to gain their respect not only for himself, but for the white men as well. Therefore, he must kill the elephant to do so to contribute to his sense of imperialism in the village. The author’s choice in the usage of similes to describe the death of the elephant also reveals his sense of imperialism. In paragraph 12 the author George Orwell reports â€Å"The thick blood welled out of him like red velvet, but still he did not die†. Additionally later on after the shootings â€Å"The tortured gasps continued as steadily as the ticking of a clock†. The use of similes emphasizes the alleviating feeling that the author felt after he finally shot the elephant. The fact the author feels relieved indicates that he no longer has confusion about the decision that he had to make. If he was to kill the elephant he would have power and feel superior. If he didn’t kill the elephant, he would probably be despised even more than he already was. In some way he feels happy that he finally got it over with but yet sympathetic at the same time because he is watching the elephant die slowly in crucial pain. In conclusion, Orwell’s attitude toward the shooting of the elephant revolves around the idea that peer pressure and decision making is a hard thing to overcome. He didn’t shoot the elephant for his own self or for his own satisfaction. He did it for the Natives so he could gain superiority, acknowledgment, and domination for the white men. With all of that the Natives finally respect him. However, they don’t respect him for who he is, but what he had done and accomplished.

History of TV Idents Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

History of TV Idents - Dissertation Example Their first ident was a logo that appeared between programs to identify the service. The logo was a simple black and white figure that consisted of different shapes. This first ident was known as the, â€Å"bat’s wings.† The â€Å"bat’s wings† was designed by Abram Games. The logo was an array of mechanical contraption perfected using the best talent and technology of the time. The logo had a small globe spinning at the centre. The globe was then surrounded by two eyelike structures spinning around it. The â€Å"eyes†, then had lightning flashes on both sides (Wiseman, 2010). Bat’s wings (the first TV ident) The bat’s wing was filmed and not produced live like other later idents. The ident was temperamental and broke down a short moment after its filming. Other TV stations soon adapted the BBC ident style and soon all commercial TV stations in London and all over the UK had their own 2D model idents. As many stations cropped up all ove r the world, the technology used in creating idents improved giving way for another generation of idents. In the early 60’s the bat’s wings had been faced out of by the BBC TV logo. The logo was a map of Britain divided according to the regions the BBC broadcasted. The map of the UK later necessitated the use of the globe as the BBC spread its wings all over the world into the British Empire and further. The logo amounted to the broadcaster’s emblem and most people associated with it. The logo was a rotating globe of the earth while a specially designed caption reading â€Å"BBC TV† would appear later. The rotating globe was accompanied by a speaker announcing, â€Å"This is BBC Television†. The first guise of the famous BBC globe appeared in September, 30th 1963. When the BBC started streaming in color in 1969 the first version of the mirror globe was transmitted (Wiseman 2011). The first color ident of the BBC The ident was accompanied with the w ord colour. Inclusion of the word, â€Å"Colour† was meant to remind viewers to buy a new colour TV if they were still getting their transmission in black and white TV. Initially the mirror globe was black with a blue landmasses and logo so that people with black and white televisions could not have their viewing disrupted a lot by a totally colour ident. The mirror comprised of a globe of the world rotating across the landmasses of all continents in the world. Below the landmasses there was a blue line and below it were the words, â€Å"BBC 1 COLOUR† in blue. The ident was complex since the word BBC 1 was italicized to appear as â€Å"BBC 1† while COLOUR remained normal. The ident was critisised for having a very dark background by colour viewers necessitating the need for a more coloured ident. This led to the revision of the mirror globe in 1974. The ident had a futura bold BBC 1 which was not separated from the upper part of the ident as in the earlier versi on of the mirror globe. The colour of the ident was also changed to blue and yellow. The landmasses were yellow while the background and the areas representing the oceans were blue. The word, COLOUR was removed (Wiseman, 2011) The mirror globe was then changed in 1981. The new version of the mirror globe had a BBC 1 double stripped. The globe was also changed to green. The background remained blue. The ident was created by the Nexus Orthicon Display Device (NODD). This device worked in such a way that the image was filmed in black and white

Human Trafficking Policies in Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human Trafficking Policies in Australia - Essay Example This paper stresses that the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime Convention (UNTOC) protocol and the United Nations Convention on Refugees prevents states from denying entry to people needing protection due to dangerous situations in the country of origin. However, Australia receives many asylum seekers from Asia and Europe and as a result its human trafficking policies are geared towards preventing asylum seekers from entering the country through mandatory detention, lengthy processes by use of swap deals, and a discriminatory visa regime. The paper will discuss the controversial application of these policies and make recommendations on the appropriate policies to eliminate or reduce asylum seekers. According to the paper Australia is one of the countries that ratified the United Nations Convention on Refugees in 1954. The convention prohibits countries from returning asylum seekers or refugees to a place they would be further persecuted. Asylum seekers are those fleeing from their country to avoid racial, ethnic or religious persecution, internal conflicts, mass human rights violations, and foreign aggression. The convention also prohibits states from punishing asylum seekers who enter the country illegally or through smuggling. The asylum seekers are scrutinized by the UNHCR and given refuge status and those that don’t qualify are deported. However, there are those that enter to another country for economic reasons making it difficult to differentiate those needing protection and economic migrants.  

Portfolio-Advancing Career Development Coursework

Portfolio-Advancing Career Development - Coursework Example My past experiences have played an incredibly essential role in facilitating the achievement of the required aptitude and skills for future career development (Yorke and Knight, 2007). Despite having worked in various organisations I have as well learnt several technical skills through class work and team work. As a qualified professional, I aim at becoming a prominent professional and an entrepreneur in local and global market. Despite aiming at becoming a prominent global entrepreneur, I as well plan to become a role model to numerous young professionals with a vision of becoming managers and directors of universally well-known multinational organisations. The career advanced portfolio below therefore gives an overview of my career advanced portfolio explaining the student current achievement as well as future career expectation. The Jaguar Land Rover Company is a popularly known global premium automotive brand. The company employs over 20, 000 passionate and talented employees in its global outlets. Moreover, the company sells more than 300,000 units in over 175 countries in global market. The company main production plant is in United Kingdom. The Jaguar Land Rover Company has several graduate job opportunities in varies parts of the world which include: purchasing, finance human resource management, information technology as well as marketing and sales job opportunities. The Peugeot Company has total revenue of 59.9 pounds. The company has sold over 3, 549, 416 vehicles in its global markets. Peugeot Company as well operates in more than 160 countries globally. The company has 208,649 employees worldwide and dominate more than 13% in United Kingdom stock market. Information technology, human resources finance and logistics are some of the available opportunities in Peugeot Company. The Santander Company is a retail bank. The bank has employed 170,000 employees in its global outlets. The bank has 90 million customers in the global market.

Reflection articles Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflection articles - Article Example Thus, the issue of disrespect can be resolved in a number of ways. First, one has to review the kind of relationship he or she has with others in the office. Secondly, compare yourself with other professionals and listen to the view of other people about their jobs. Lastly, challenge yourself by setting and achieving several goals that are related to his or her career. In any group of individuals, there must be issues arising regularly. These issues are best handled through appropriate methods of resolution. Thus, in resolution of issues, one has to focus on the following aspects: Convert the complaints to respect, make sure all the statements are made using â€Å"I† or â€Å"we,† focus on the future only, come up with a solution, keep off from making demands and avoid generalizing of ideas. For instance, in an organization where an individual or individuals complain about a colleague not finishing up his or her job and over burden others, is an issue which needs to be addressed. In finding a solution to such issues, a number of factors have to be considered. These factors include: Avoiding a sarcastic tone in making requests or approaches, expect to work out the resolution steps effectively, be respectful to the parties involved and finally try to recognize the needs of every human; to be listened to and understood. Health professionals have a key responsibility of educating patients in regard to their specific health issues. For instance, dental hygienist has a role of educating patients about their oral health; instructions on oral hygiene and significance of maintaining oral hygiene. For one to perform effectively in this, one has to provide the patients with a general overview of the entire procedure placing emphasis on the specific words to be used in the whole process (Smith, 1). The phrases which are used in such practices are extremely vital to both

Discussion Board Emergency Nursing - 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion Board Emergency Nursing - 1 - Essay Example The most effective thing to do would have been to tell the colleague immediately and firmly that the cannula fastener of their device would not be appropriate, brought the patient at greater risk of harm, and needed to be re-done in a sterile environment. However, the case does not allow for this sort of communication: as often in real world, the action is complete before I can even think to react. The question, ethically, at this point becomes: what should be done about this colleague’s behavior? Obviously, if they are using this â€Å"special method† and are proud of it, they are going to do it again. The question of ethics here, then, becomes one of whistle-blowing on a colleague. The Mrs. D case shows that it is perhaps most important in whistle-blowing to know the difference between a mountain and a molehill. Generally, everyone is much happier without whistle-blowing. There is no internal division or political nastiness as more people find out about the note of dissent, or even take it up and start crusades of their own. The workplace continues to operate smoothly and efficiently, and cohesion is even heightened by the successful handling of the situations in which it is decided that the problem was actually a molehill. No one has been reprimanded, fired, or has formed any sort of vendetta or grudge. Professional communication within the workplace continues on in a friendly and expedient manner, and ethical commitment returns to normal: â€Å"a public commitment to ethics serves at least two functions: it addresses the concerns of the public and it reinforces a bottom-line-justified interest in ethical behavior on the part of the officers† (Newton and Ford, 2002, p. 31). In the case of Mrs. D, the problem is not a molehill. What my colleague has done here is risked the life of a client. And it is my personal and professional responsibility to keep the workplace a safe and functional environment in which harm is

The history of the trumpet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The history of the trumpet - Essay Example However, this is only the recorded history and the presence of trumpet can be older. Initially trumpet was not used as a musical instrument, but for martial and religious purposes. Historically, trumpets were of grand importance as militarily, they were employed by trumpeters for delivering commands to troops present at far away distances. Bugle, a form of trumpet is used in place of trumpet in today’s military just as a conventional instrument. Trumpet as a musical instrument go through betterment during the middle Ages and Renaissance (Downey 29). The technique of designing and crafting the trumpet also got better with time. This paper elaborates the historical presence and importance of trumpet and traces it back to its origin. Trumpet has got the reputation of highest register in terms of brass musical instruments. Historically, trumpet is among the oldest most musical instruments. When a trumpet is used, a buzzing sound is created that is made by blowing air with the supp ort of a whistling posture of the lips. The trumpet that is found today is made up with brass tubing that is a quality that it gained after the fifteenth century. It is present in many forms nowadays and is used as a musical instrument while its historic form was not altogether musical (Tarr 62). During the sixteenth century, military and courts both used the trumpets for their own purposes. Usage of trumpet started becoming famous in Germany during the sixteenth century. The ending of this century marks the usage of trumpet in musical terms and before this, it was mostly used for courtly and military reasons. Initially, the trumpeters made use of low pitched sounds, but later on, they also made use of high pitched sounds. The musicians also started to use diversified harmonic series (Brownlow 78). The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries saw the heighted version of the trumpet. Famous composers like Leopold and Michael were famous in terms of their musical compositions. For courtly purposes, the D and C keys in trumpets were employed while for military purposes, Eb and F keys in trumpets were employed. Diverse registers of trumpets were played by the musicians of the era (Barclay 46). When the valves were introduced to the trumpet, the interest of musicians in the usage of trumpet increased. In the nineteenth century, the trumpet was no more a common musical instrument as it became an orchestral instrument. At this time, the F key in trumpet along with crooks were employed that made the trumpet more interesting as a musical instrument (Tarr 93). The shape and form of trumpet had improvements with the passage of time. The valves took the place of crooks with the time and improvement of the trumpet as a musical instrument. The size of the trumpet also saw transformations. The improvements in the trumpet enabled the musicians to play the trumpet with much ease and sound (Wallace & McGrattan 116). The trumpet’s first known form was Alphorn that was constru cted by means of a tree trunk. The trumpet has high pitched sound and big appearance. It was generally employed for flocking cattle, beckoning groups of people, religious preaching and war related messages by military. The 17th century that was also called baroque era saw the transformation of Alphorn into trumpet (Smither 358). The initial trumpets were called natural trumpets, which was constructed by means of metal. Previously, tree trunk was used in place of metal. The trumpets that were created then were in form of elongated cylindrical tubes having a

Cultural communication Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Cultural communication - Coursework Example Daley considers himself as constructive participant of the society and characterizes professor as having lack of courage and personal power. Daley says that mother’s role in bringing up the sons cannot be negated, as they are the one who enable their sons to be a part of society and develop into men. Daley’s Council Speech expresses a code of honor. The code of honor that is described in the chapter, Mayor Daleys Council Speech, deals with consideration of an individual not as an individual but as a part of a larger group. It also differs with different cultures of communication. In Daley’s culture, there was a custom, whenever men insulted each other or passed negative remarks on each other, they were at once ready to take off their cloaks, which depicted towards their lose of control in terms of temperament. They wanted to fight the other person because of his offensive comments and during their fight or before the conductance of the fight, their mothers used to intervene so that they could drag their sons backward in order to stay from the fight. Code of honor is related to cultural code of communication. Daley followed his code of honor by being infuriated by the comments of Richard Simpson, after which, he responded in the same fashion, as was a custom of his culture. He described mother’s role as constructive because she used to stop her sons from fighting. Code of honor also dealt with the superiority in debate and warfare. Daley adhered to the moral as well as instrumental aspects of the code of honor. The written speech looked very informative related to the speech of Daley but audiovisual evidence in the form of the film, Daley, helped a lot in understanding the whole idea behind the infuriation of Daley and the offence of Richard Simpson. It is generally said that audiovisual depiction of something is more comprehensive

The effects of salt solution on frog skin cell Lab Report

The effects of salt solution on frog skin cell - Lab Report Example Next to Stratum corneum layer is the Stratum granulosum, followed by the Stratum spinosum layer. The Stratum germinavium is the innermost layer which lies beside the basal lamina. The cells of the last three layers communicate with each other via gap junctions and are held together by desmosomes, which are structures that join adjacent cells together (Guo et al, 2003). Amphibian skin has heterocellular epithelium i.e. it is made up of two types of cells. The majorities of cells are normal and are known as Principal cells while a minority faction (MR cells) constitutes the cells which are rich in Mitochondria. The MR cells are responsible for a highly specialized mechanism of chloride transport across amphibian skin (Guo et al, 2003). Both the principal and the MR cells possess the ability to actively transport sodium in the presence of ATP (Adenosine TriPhosphate) due to the presence of Na+-K+-ATPase on their basolateral surface. Most amphibian species (toads/frogs) obtain water prim arily by osmotic absorption across their skin and are able to absorb Na+ and Cl- across their skin from very dilute solutions (Guo et al., 2003). Because of these properties, the amphibian skin has long been used as a model tissue for the study of ion transport and osmotic water movement across epithelia (Jorgensen, 1997). The hypothesis for this experiment was that the amount of salt dissolved in water would affect osmosis in model frog skin cells. The prediction for this hypothesis is that the more salt that is dissolved in the water, the smaller the amount of water that will move into the cell. This would naturally result in an imbalance of the natural physiological ionic concentration of the amphibians and dehydrate them. The expected response would be an endeavor on the part of the animal to maintain its hydration which usually takes place through the skin and not through drinking as in vertebrate mammalian species,

The Welcome Table Essay Example for Free

The Welcome Table Essay We as humans have learned to be considerate of people and their differences, we have also encouraged the development of all human beings. But many years ago people were not considerate of people of other ethnicities. The possibilities for everyone have become more equal during modern times. I have been intrigued by the racial and ethical dilemmas that most of our ancestors had to endure. The short story that I have chosen to discuss is â€Å"The Welcome Table† By Alice Walker. The human race has come so far since we have had such severe racial discrimination, although it has not disappeared completely. The Welcome Table, along with many other new age stories really have shown the importance of acceptance of many ethnicities. Point of View The theme of a story is a representation of the idea behind the story. (Clugston 2010). â€Å"The Welcome Table† written by Alice Walker, is about an old African American woman who attends a white community church. This story is told in omniscient third person point of view. Third person point of view occurs when the speaker is not the participant in the story. (Clugston 2010). On her way to church, she received looks of horrible disgust. People felt sorry for her, and they feared her. She walked into the church, and she was immediately the center of attention by the congregation. It was made clear to this elderly lady that she was not welcome to worship with this church. She wanted to be in the house of God, she also needed her time with a higher power, and those rights were stripped from her for being from an African American background. She left without a fight; God immediately approached the old lady as she left this church and they walked off together. Walker shows us how important skin color was to people back in this time in history. Not only were they segregated, it was not considered wrong to decline services to those of a different ethnic background. Walker uses a third person point of view in telling the story. She switches points of view throughout the story and really emphasizing the theme of the story. As she walks into to the church Walker is speaking from the congregations point of view, then to the ushers, then to the white congregation. Character She was angular and lean and the color of poor gray. Walker 2003). She was dressed in her Sunday meeting clothes. She wore a long mildewed rusted black dress with missing buttons and a grease-stained scarf covering her pigtails. She has blue-brown eyes, is ashen in appearance and very wrinkled. She is sweating from her walk and is shivering from the cold. She enters the white church and sits, singing in her head. She is physically thrown out of the church. She sees Jesus walking down the highway and is giddy with joy. Jesus tells her to follow him and she does, walking alongside him. He looks just like she thought he would, and he listens to her sing and talk to him. He was wearing immaculate white, long dress trimmed in gold around the neck and hem, and a red, a bright red cape. (Walker 2003) Over his left arm he carried a brilliant blue blanket. He is wearing sandals and a beard and long hair parted on the side. (Walker 2003). She feels great beside him and can walk as long as he wants. She tells him about her hardship works for whites and the injustices that have taken place . She feels his kindness and instantly feels better. The old elderly woman saw Jesus wave to her. He told her to follow him. She broke her silence to tell Jesus how glad she was that he had come, how she had often looked at his picture. They continue to walk together. The ground began to look like clouds. They continued to walk looking straight ahead, she had a smile on her face. Conclusion The Welcome Table is told in omniscient third person and shifts the point of view from which the story is told. The beginning of the story is told from the point of view of the white congregation. They view the elderly black woman as being beneath them. She receives evil stares as she enters the church to seek Jesus. She feels her time on earth is coming to an end. She is treated badly because of her ethnic background. The usher then asks the elderly woman to leave the church. The women in church feel threatened by the aging woman because of the color of her skin view switches to the usher who tells the elderly African American woman to leave. The men in the church carry the elderly woman out of the church. The woman then sees Jesus walking down the highway. She walks along with him and she is never seen again.

Reflections on Department of Human Resource Management

Reflections on Department of Human Resource Management I did my internship at the Human resource department of Metro Hi-Tech (Pvt) Ltd in Gujrat. I spent six weeks in this department. Where I learnt how practically worked in Human resource Department. In Metro Hi-Tech (Pvt) Ltd the Human Resource Management department was established in November 2004. I worked under HR officer Mr. Aftab Butt, Payroll officer IR officer MR. Ali Raza. In this department I worked with every designation member and analyzed, observed and learned about the responsibilities and activities associated with them. Lets talk about one by one. HIRERCHY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT: Head: Human Resources Administration: Mr. Anwar Murad Human Resource Officer: Mr. Aftab Butt I.R Officer and Payroll Officer: Mr. Ali Raza Admin Officer: Mr. Asad Shah Admin officer (Lahor): Mr. Javed DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT I did my internship at the Human Resource department of Metro Hi- Tech (Pvt) Ltd in Gujrat. I spent six weeks in this department. Where I learnt how practically worked in Human resource Department. In Metro hi-tech the HRM department was established in Nov 2004. I worked under HR officer Mr. Aftab Butt, Payroll officer IR officer Mr. Ali Raza. In this department I worked with every designation member and analyzed, observed and learned about the responsibilities and activities associated with them. Lets talk about one by one. 2.1) Human Resource Management: Human resource (or personnel) management is getting things done through people. Its an essential part of every managers responsibilities, but many organizations find it advantageous to establish a specialist division to provide an expert service dedicated to ensuring that the human resource function is performed efficiently. People are our most valuable asset is a clichà © which no member of any senior management team would disagree with. Yet, the reality for many organizations is that their people remain Under valued Under trained Under utilized Poorly motivated, and consequently Perform well below their true capability Objectives of Huamn Resource Department: The main objective of the department is To hire the best candidate who best fit for job along with the organization and in this way increase the work effectiveness and efficiency of the whole organization. FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF HR DEPARTMENT IN Metro Hi-Tech (Pvt) Ltd. HR department of Metro Hi-Tech (Pvt) Ltd performs below mentioned functions. FUNCTIONS OF HR DEPARTMENT Man Power Planning Job Analysis Recruitment Selection Orientation Training Development Compensation Performance Appraisal Development of Forms New Employees Registrations Scholarships Terminations Legal Applications Resign Arrangements Wages Register Holiday Register Attendance Register Marriage Grant Advances Attention Cards Advance Record Salary Slip Distribution Guest Arrangement Hotels Reservations Entertainment Employees Record Keeping Resignations Final Settlements Death Grants Travel Expanse Claims Pension Cases Leaves Encashment Bonus Working Medical Bills Claim Disable Claim Group Insurance Daily Attendance Over Time Calculation Leave Applications Record Keeping Gratuity Calculation Salary Verification Group Insurance 4Functional Overview: There are four functions which are being performed under the Human Resource department of METRO Hi-Tech, it includes Huamn Resource planning, recruitment and selection IR Compensation and Reward Administration HRM Planning, Recruitment and Selection: The Human Resource planning, recruitment and selection process is done under Huamn Resource officer Mr. Aftab Butt and I worked with them and learned about the responsibilities and activities associated with them. He is the person who assists Manager Huamn Resource in hiring procedure and assessment methods e.g. designing job advertisements, developing competency criteria and effective selection process in coordination with different departments, carry out orientation of employees in junior management cadre and workers. And carry out any other job to meet organizational objectives. For this planning is the most important function. Planning: The penalties for not being correctly staffed are costly. Understaffing loses the business economies of scale and specialization, orders, customers and profits. Overstaffing is wasteful and expensive, if sustained, and it is costly to eliminate because of modern legislation in respect of redundancy payments, consultation, minimum periods of notice, etc. Very importantly, overstaffing reduces the competitive efficiency of the business. Planning staff levels requires that an assessment of present and future needs of the organization be compared with present resources and future predicted resources. Appropriate steps then be planned to bring demand and supply into balance. Thus the first step is to take in METRO for planning is satellite picture of the existing workforce profile (numbers, skills, ages, flexibility, gender, experience, forecast capabilities, character, potential, etc. of existing employees) this picture shows the existing rate of supply and what will be the demand of employees to meet the future needs Future staffing needs will derive from: Sales and production forecasts The effects of technological change on task needs Variations in the efficiency, productivity, flexibility of labor as a result of training, work study, organizational change, new motivations, etc. Changes in employment practices (e.g. use of subcontractors or agency staffs, hiving-off tasks, buying in, substitution, etc.) Variations, which respond to new legislation, e.g. payroll taxes or their abolition, new health and safety requirements Changes in Government policies (investment incentives, regional or trade grants, etc.) At the end the supply schedule is compared to the demand which shows that employees are either understaffed, overstaffed or according to the needs of companies. If employees are understaffed then company will perform recruitment function and hire new employees, and in case of overstaffing the company will perform downsizing. And at this time the rate of downsizing in Metro is 10% from every department. Recruitment: Recruitment and selection process is a very important part of staffing. Every company whatever their length should follow the recruitment and selection policy. To achieve any companys objective, qualified personnel are needed to be ensured at all level in an organization. In Metro Hi-Tech I learnt how the recruitment process was done. Recruitment of staff is preceded by an analysis of the job to be done (i.e. an analytical study of the tasks to be performed to determine their essential factors) written into a job description so that the selectors know what characteristics applicants must possess, what qualities and attitudes are desirable. Recruitment Process: In Metro Hi-Tech these steps are taken to recruitment process: A vacancy arises, sometimes this is due to the creation of a new job, on other occasions it may be because an existing member of staff has been promoted or is retiring. The job description is updated and an employee specification is written. The job description lists the duties of the job whilst the employee specification gives details of the experience, skills and abilities needed to carry out the job. A vacancy advertisement is written and is circulated via news papers, internet recruitments sites like Pazee.com, and employee referrals are also a major source in metro. Application forms are sent out along with copies of the job description and employee specification and must be returned on or before the closing date that has been set. A shortlist is compiled of applicants who are going to be invited to attend for interview. This is done by the recruitment panel that compare each application from with the requirements of the employee specification, Interviews are held. The panel will use the same set of questions with each interview. The interview may include a selection test. Sources of Recruitment: The main sources of recruitment in metro are Internal promotion and internal introductions (at times desirable for morale purposes) Web based recruitment. Employee referrals. Advertising. Job Description: A job description is a key document in the recruitment process. The job description must be produced for every vacancy and drafted prior to taking any other steps in the process. It indicates the potential candidates the range of duties and responsibilities of the post. It is used during appraisal to help evaluate the performance of an individual. It is a tool for performance management to ensure that the post-holder is fulfilling the appropriate duties to a required standard. I learnt how done job analysis and develop job description in metro. Selection: Effectively, selection is buying an employee (the price being the wage or salary multiplied by probable years of service) .in Metro hi-tech the selection is done by internal experts. Interviewing is carried out by individuals (e.g. supervisor or departmental manager), by panels of interviewers or in the form of sequential interviews by different experts and can vary from a five minute chat to a process of several days. Selection Process: In Metro after a substantial amount of applications have been received, the line and the HR managers again work together to shortlist the applications. This is done by carefully going through all the application and by giving different weightage to the following criteria: Quality of early schooling Grade obtained Extra Curricular activities Overseas travel and education Age Target University Relevant experience The HR Department then issue call letters to the short listed candidates along with blank application forms by Date, time and venue for the preliminary interview is advised and candidates are asked to bring along completed application forms. A two-member panel of HR and line management carries out competency-based interviews focusing on functional skills and managerial and supervisory skills. After the preliminary interview is cleared people applying for different jobs are tested in different ways. The following management competencies are assessed by a panel of cross functional assessors In the case of management selection: Communication skills Resource management Rational decision making Influencing Creative thinking Business development The Huamn Resource department is responsible for overall administration. The Huamn Resource department provides details of remuneration package and terms and conditions of service. The department also prepares appointment letter, service agreement and finalizes other documentation for service record. Grading Criteria of Employees: 1: Manual Workers: Helpers: they are non graded persons Semi skilled workers: after getting some training the helpers are promoted to this grade Skilled workers: semi skilled workers are promoted to this grade after getting some more technical training in their area 2: Supervisory Grade: Skilled workers having two years experience are promoted to supervisory grade. it includes three grades S1 Junior supervisor S2 Supervisor S3 Senior supervisor 3: Executive Grades: Employees from supervisory grades are promoted to executive grades only when they enhance their qualification according to the requirement of the job. They include E1 Junior executive E2 Executive E3 Senior executive 4: Managerial grades: In managerial grades there are different requirements. It includes five grades which are following M1 Assistant Manager (master degree or MBA, 2/3 years experience) M2 Deputy Manager (master degree or MBA 5 yrs experience) M3 Manager (master degree or MBA 8years experience) M4 Senior Manager (master degree or MBA 10years experience) M5 General Manager (master degree or MBA 15years experience) GRADING CRITERIA Grade (M) M Grade leads to the managers. There are 5 categories in M Grade. Designations according to grades are as follows; Grade Designation M5 General Manager M4 Senior Manager M3 Manager M2 Deputy Manager M1 Assistant Manager Grade (E) E Grade is used for Executives. There are three categories in E Grade. Designations according to grades are as follows; Grade Designation E3 Senior Executive E2 Executive E1 Junior Executive Grade (S) Supervisors are granted Grade S. There are 4 categories in S Grade. Designations according to grades are as follows; Grade Designation S3 Senior Supervisor S2 Supervisor S1 Junior Supervisor Employee Evaluation: One of HR officer responsibility is to assist Manager HR for the implementation of Performance Appraisal System (MBO) according to company policy. And to issue Annual Performance Appraisal Forms to concerned In-charges; follow-up and maintenance of appraisal record. After the performance appraisal maintain personal files of all employees. To working with HR officer I learnt how the employees are being appraised and how the record was maintained An organization needs constantly to take stock of its workforce and to assess its performance in existing jobs for three reasons: To improve organizational performance via improving the performance of individual contributors To identify potential, i.e. to recognize existing talent and to use that to fill vacancies higher in the organization or to transfer individuals into jobs where better use can be made of their abilities or developing skills. To provide an equitable method of linking payment to performance where there are no numerical criteria (often this salary performance review takes place about three months later and is kept quite separate from 1. and 2. but is based on the same assessment). In metro Hi- Tech appraisal is done on annually basis. Appraisals category in Metro hi-tech: There are four categories for appraisals in metro which is following. Appraisal category Definition of category % Of total numbers of employees which can be rated in this category 1.outstanding Indicates exceptional performance 20% 2.very Good Indicate performance that consistently meets the requirements of the position, very good indicates the individual is on track for advancements 16% 3. Good Indicated performance that requires improvement (i.e. meet requirements without initiative or advancement) 8% 4. Basic Performance to be improved (hardly meets requirements) 5% Sources of Performance Appraisal: In Metro the primary sources of performance appraisal are the managers or supervisors. There are used different appraisal forms for supervisors, managers and executives according to their jobs levels and competencies regarding their work. 2.4.2) Compensation and Reward: As internee I did work with Payroll and IR officer Mr. Mohsin Shahzad. their responsibilities are as following; To process the provident Fund Loan of workmen. To prepare daily attendance report. To prepare salary sheet for both divisions. To extract desired information from salary sheet for various purposes. To calculate bonus for both divisions. To verify attendance of both divisions and prepare late attendance report on daily basis. To maintain attendance record of all the employees. To maintain overtime record of all the employees. To maintain record of leaves of workers and staff. To maintain record of advances given to employees of both division. To carry out any other job to meet organizational objectives. I learnt their reward and compensation process. Different rewards that are given to employees by the company and how the record was maintained how fill the forms about the reward category. And also learnt their compensation process how the employees and workers are being awarded. How maintain relation with employees within the departments and outside the departments. To retain good staff and to encourage them to give of their best while at work requires attention to the financial and psychological and even physiological rewards offered by the organization as a continuous exercise. The compensation and reward program is controlled by payroll officer working under head of human resource. Payroll software is used in metro hi-tech to enter and control the pay of employees. They are more concerned about the financial rewards for the motivations of employees but they dont use any non-financial rewards. Financial rewards include bounces, group insurance, car schemes, provident fund scheme, medical policies, and TA/DA policy. 2.4.2.1: Salary: The compensation includes the basic salary of employees. This salary is decided by the job evolution and market surveys. Then it is bargain with the employee at selection time which results in the basic pay for that job. Mode of payments is different for graded and non graded employees. Payments are made to graded employees through banks on monthly bases according to the terms and conditions of contract and to non-graded workers salary is paid through cash. Allocations of remuneration: Managerial category: Basic salary 67% of gross salary House rent 40% of basic salary Utility allowances 10% of basic salary Non-managerial category: Basic salary 62.5% of basic salary House rent 40% of basic Utility allowances 10% Food allowances 10% 2.4.2.2: Bounces: Bounces are given on the basis of given salary. Bounces are 67% of the basic salary. 2.4.2.3: Provident fund scheme: According to this scheme 10% of basic salary of employee is deducted and same amount is added by the employer is put in the saving account of employee. The lump sum amount is provided to employees after his retirement. 2.4.2.4: Group insurance: Its a state life insurance for the death of employee during its job life. It is usually 2 lac rupees. 2.4.2.5: Car scheme: Car scheme are offered to only those employees who are working for managerial positions. This scheme for different managerial levels are Mehran to M1 and M2 Cultus /city to M3, XLI GLI to M4. Honda Civic to M5 (40% of book value is paid by employee in 60 installments) Fuel Policy: Free fuel or the CNG of the same amount is provided to managers 115kg to M1 145 to M2 175 to M3 225 to M4 250 to M5 2.4.2.6: Medical policy: Metro provides Medical facilities to employees and their family for OPD and Hospitalization. In OPD (Out Patient Door) policy allowances for supervisory grade are 12000, for Executive grades are 20,000, and for Managerial grade are 30,000. In case of hospitalization the whole expense of hospitalization is beard by company. 2.4.2.7: Loans: Temporary loans: temporary loans are one month salary in advance. Permanent loans: it includes loan more than one month salary and have to be returned in six installments. 2.4.2.8: TA/DA policy: Grades TA DA M1 5r/km 600/day M2 6rs/km 800/day M3 7/km 1000/day M4 8/km 1200/day M5 10/km 1500/day 2.4.2.9: Business cards: All HODs are eligible for business cards .they may request for 200 cards at any point. 2.4.3): Administration The work of admin officer is to control transport, maintenance, security management requirement and scraps. 2.4.4): Industrial relations: The responsibilities for IR officer are To maintain proper record of Employee Old Age Benefit ( Registration, Monthly contribution, Pension claims) To prepare documentation pertaining to Social Security Institution. To process workers applications relating to Marriage Grant and maintain their record. To handle all cases related to Scholarship of employees children, maintain record and follow up. Responsible for keeping liaison with the Government Labor Welfare Department, legal advisor in legal matters and whenever necessary official of the district administration of their public utility departments. To participate in domestic enquiries, to produce documentary evidence on behalf of company representative. To arrange Group Insurance of employees and prepare updated list of all employees, to lodge disability and death claim etc. To prepare updated list of employees members of Provident Fund Contribution Scheme. To prepare the list of employees applied for permanent advance update its record in coordination with payroll Administrator. To verify attendance of both division. To assist Pay Roll Officer in salary preparation. To update record related to statutory requirement. To arrange EOBI cards of employees within time and to arrange monthly contribution. To arrange new Social Security Cards and renewal of cards at the earliest opportunity. To maintain smooth relationship with all workers of the company. To carry out any other job to meet organizational objectives. Good industrial relations, while a recognizable and legitimate objective for an organization, are difficult to define since a good system of industrial relations involves complex relationships between: (a) Workers (and their informal and formal groups, i.e. trade union, organizations and their representatives) (b) Employers (and their managers and formal organizations like trade and professional associations); (c) The government and legislation and government agencies l and independent agencies like the Advisory Conciliation and Arbitration Service. Oversimplified, work is a matter of managers giving instructions and workers following them but (and even under slavery we recognize that different managing produces very different results) the variety of forms which have evolved to regulate the conduct of parties (i.e. laws, custom and practice, observances, agreements) makes the giving and receipt of instructions far from simple. Two types of rule have evolved: Substantive, determining basic pay and conditions of service (what rewards workers should receive); Procedural, determining how workers should be treated and methods and procedures. I worked for filling the documents relating to the induction. I filled the payroll entries which is the basic documentation. And learnt how to include new inductions in payroll which is done through HR. and also seek how made salary sheets in the end of the month During work under Mr. Aftab butt he assigned an task to create any job vacancy for metro hi-tech. So I create job vacancy for telephone operator and describe the need of telephone operator which is following. Metro Hi-Tech Telephone Operator in Gujrat The ingredients of the implementation plan are. Need/problem at the branch. Qualities of a telephone operator Benefits of a telephone operator. How the need created and companies staff decision. Need problem at the branch. Every organization has some problems. Metro has the problem of telephone operator. It can save the precious time of not only manager but other staff as well. On the other hand companys communication system was not doing well overall. Therefore as an internee I felt that there should be a telephone operator who can easily handle this situation. Benefits of the telephone operator It saves precious time of the manager and staff members. It saves the time of the customers. Creates good impression on the customer. Communication within the company. Communication of company with outside enhances. How the need was created The need for telephone operator was created because the staff members would have to leave their work and attend the telephone but sometimes it would be a wrong call, others call or the calls which they wanted to avoid this would not only waste their time but also affect their performance a great deal. Therefore they think its useful to have a spare person for this facility. CRITICAL ANALYSIS Metro Hi Tech have all the departments working and also have got sufficient man power available in terms of quantity a part from human resource department. In the whole organization there are quite good enough experienced human resource available, who are motivated fresh and committed again except human resource department. There is autocracy in organization but still rests of the employees are taken into consideration while making any decisions but partially. CEO of Metro Hi Tech have got strict attitude with employees. He takes an adequate part in daily operations done by management team. Culture of the organization is very learning. Employees tend to help each other they dont feel fear of inferiority by telling or helping. They have flexible culture regarding timings but still everyone has to complete ones working hours. About other rules and regulations they have strong culture each and every thing is communicated to every employee. Coordination among departments has been on the better side in the whole period of mine as an internee. But there is overlapping in departments, which is causing some problems. Organization has very good sales and marketing department with experienced and qualified staff that is why their customer service department is very strong and takes care of customer. Rest of all department are also working properly they all have sufficient quantity and quality of employees but there are two departments about which I recognize that there is problem in terms of quality and quantity of employees, those departments are purchase and human resource department. In purchase department they have sufficient quantity but they have unskilled department because they dont know how to use computer because they have to do a lot of work on computer. Where as in human resource department they have many problems to face some of them are internally caused and some externally. Internally factors are that there is overlapping in human resource department they have insufficient quantity and quality of staff. There are tow retired employees are working whos performance, motivation and commitment is on the lower side and they are very lazy in their work which is disturbing whole coordination of the department. Secondly there is need of at least one employee in human resource department because they have loads of work to do and often fail to meet the assignments. So there is need of fresh blood. Externally factors are stopping them to perform all the human resource functions e.g. training and development of employees, organization doesnt have strategic focus about training and development of employees although human resource department wants to do but top management doesnt. That is reason they have lost many experienced and qualified emp loyees in the past. Another problem is that all the promotions are done on the basis of references and favoritism although they have very good policy of performance appraisal. There is another problem which is that they must have to have their HRIS (Human Resource Information System). They are maintaining their record on MS EXCEL but they must have HRIS to maintain skills inventories. In their workplace area to avoid conflicts between workers they have made a policy which name is supervisory system. They have appointed supervisors to groups who work as moderators. Recommendations: Following are some recommendations for Metro, which we personally feel can be useful for the organization, its employees and the customers. And which helps the organization to improve its effectiveness and efficiency in highly competitive world. The Human Resources should take less time in recruitment and selection. There should be training centers for employees and workers. In training refreshing courses should be adequate and more frequent. Advanced training should b given to employees which enhance their skills. Human Resource Department may advice and train employees for one window operation in order to reduce the time and conserve the resources. Executives and employees should be trained on continuous basis to give them knowledge about the current market trends and new marketing concepts. The promotional criteria by the Human Resource Department should be defined and be as per rules. The proper and competitive evaluation of the methods and procedures adopted by other competitors will enhance the performance of Human Resource Department. Metro should use 360 % appraisal and potential appraisal process to evaluate employees. This is the era of Information Technology. The functions and procedures of the Company should be converted from manual to the automatic. It will enhance the performance of the Human Resource Department and ultimately of the company Human Resource Department should allocate resources for this purpose. Pay packages may be revised in the light of profit earned by the organization. Metro has a formal environment which can be changed to more relax and friendly environment. To establish core competence and to bring competitiveness, metro should implement numerous effective plans to improve the performance of its various departments. Supervisors must manage employee performance well in order for Metro to accomplish its mission and achieve its goals. There should be effective communication system .Establishing and maintaining effective communications with each Employee not only requires good oral and written communications Skills, but it also includes the ability to establish good working Relationships. To communicate effectively with employees, Supervisors must establish an environment that promotes an open Door atmosphere, the sharing of ideas, and employee involvement in decision making processes. When HR manager is going to prepare job description must get information about work to employees it is easy for employees to do work effectively. Employees should be known that what is expected to them and how it will be measured. So KPAs and performance measures should be well communicated to employees.

Big Bang Theory And Christianity Religion Essay

Big Bang Theory And Christianity Religion Essay The highly heated debate and discussion about how our universe and earth began has been going on for many centuries. In the old days many people believed that God created the universe. They even believed that the planets and the sun revolved around the earth. With todays technology scientists scientist have been able to explore our outer world. In their research some scientists scientist have begun to believe that the universe was created not by a God or a divine force but by a big explosion called the Big Bang Theory. About 15 billion years ago an explosion started the expansion of the universe. Scientists refer to the explosion as the Big Bang. What happened in this event was all the matter and energy of space contained at one point. The explosion is not an explosion of a bomb where particles are thrown outward but it consisted of an explosion of space within itself. All the galaxies and planets were not clumped together, but the explosion or Big Bang laid out the foundations for the universe. (The Big Bang) How the Big Bang theory came to existence was from the observations of Edwin Hubble. He observed that the universe is always expanding. He calculated that a galaxys velocity is proportional to its distance. This means if galaxies are twice as far from us they move twice as fast. He also found that the universe is expanding in every direction. With these observations Hubble concluded that it has taken every galaxy the same amount of time to move from a common starting position to its current position. As galaxies kept moving farther away from each other it is called the red shift. As light reaches earth from other galaxies there is a greater distance between earth and the galaxy, which leads to wavelengths being stretched. (The Big Bang) In 1964, Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson were two astronomers who discovered cosmic microwave radiation. The two men discovered this when one day they were trying to detect microwaves from outer space, but accidentally they discovered a noise of extraterrestrial or alien origin. The noise came from all directions and not just one direction or location. What they heard became obvious to them what they discovered was radiation from the farthest points of the universe. By discovering these microwaves they could calculate what Edwin Hubble calculated also. They concluded that everything in the universe came from the same point, which they say was the explosion which is referenced as the Big Bang. Everything in the universe moves away from each other at the same rate and velocity. NASA has sent a satellite and has been able to detect cosmic microwaves from the outer reaches of the universe proving the discovery of Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson. (The Big Bang) (Origins of the Universe) Edwin Hubbles discovery of finding that the universe is always expanding and everything is moving away from each other at the same speed was the base of the Big Bang Theory. Then when Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson discovered cosmic microwaves radiation is just supported more evidence of the Theory Edwin Hubble created. The Big Bang Theory is the origin of our universe which means it is the theory of how our universe was created. When the universe was created billions of years ago, billions of years after the planet Earth was created. Thousands of rocks were orbiting the sun and many of them started to crash into each other. The collisions of rock created mass amounts of energy and formed Earth. Earth took its form when the initial lava mass cooled and it formed the outer crust of our Earth. But with the outer crust covering all the heat and energy of the earths core, the middle of the earth is as hot as the sun. (Earth, Earth Science, Planet Earth) Earths distance from the Sun allows the ability to absorb solar energy and create photosynthesis. When photosynthesis occurs it lets off oxygen and this began the accumulation and storage of oxygen in the Earths atmosphere. With all the build up in the atmosphere it lead to the development of what is now called the ozone layer. With the ozone layer around Earth, it blocks out all the harmful ultraviolet radiation waves from the Sun. With the ozone protecting the Earths surface, multicellular organisms slowly became populated to the planet Earth. (Earth, Earth Science, Planet Earth) The explosion known as the Big Bang started the origin of the universe, which created the universe, earth and eventually human beings. Without the great observations and calculations of Edwin Hubble humans would not know how the universe might have begun. With his discoveries he developed the Big Bang Theory which was the origin of the universe. Edwin also got some back up when Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson discovered cosmic microwaves radiation, which helped support Hubbles thought of everything in the universe starting at the same point. The Big Bang theory has some evidence that might make the theory true but it is still a theory, and it cannot be proven. Many people may believe that there was a Big Bang that started our universe and our earth, but there are also billions of Christians and other religions in the world that believe in their own God and that he created the universe. Christians are monotheists which means they believe in one God. Some Christians believe that the Big Bang theory is totally false and that God their creator made all the planets, stars, our earth and the people who live on the earth. But, other Christians believe that God did create everything, but they also believe he could have made the universe any way he wanted to. He could have done it like it says in the Bible in the first two chapters of Genesis. In chapters one and two of Genesis it describes how God made light and dark and all the planets, stars, Heaven and earth, or God could have created everything with an explosion. But those Christians believe that God still created all the particles in the explosion and he controlled the explosion and it was all a part of his greater plan which was to create man and woman in his image. So, many Christians believe that there was no Big Bang or explosion, but rather that everything was created by a higher force which is God. But, there are also some Christians who see and believe some of the evidence Hubble and Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson found, but they challenge the Atheists and ask them where did the energies and powers come from. The Christians who believe in God and the Big Bang theory say that the powers and energies in the explosion came from God and was the entire plan God created to make our universe, our planets, earth and moon. Although there are billions of Christians in the world who believe God is the creator of everything, there are also many Atheists who dont believe in God. Atheists are people (many of them are scientists ) who believe that everything was all started and can be explained by science. Atheists believe that the Big Bang theory was a likely origin of our universe. Atheists believe that science is the answer to everything and that science can explain everything. They believe that there is no higher power or God. They believe that there is no way there is a God. Atheists believe that you have to see it to believe it. They believe in science because science is something they can see and they can prove everything by science. But still many things in science are theories and have not been fully proven. When Atheists are challenged by Christians they are often asked where did the energies and the particles come from? Did they just appear? Atheists come back with the counter question of where did the Christians creator God come from? Did he just appear? That is the mystery of life and the Atheists believe that everything began with science and everything can be explained through science, which is why Atheists believe in the Big Bang Theory. On the other side of the argument , the Christians believe in a God and that this is a higher power that created the universe, planets, moons, stars, and humans who live in this massive universe. THE BIG BANG. University of Michigan. Web. 11 Dec. 2010. . Origins of the Universe. National Geographic. Web. 11 Dec. 2010. . Earth, Earth Science, Planet Earth at SPACE.com. Learn More at Space.com. From Satellites to Stars, NASA Information, Astronomy, the Sun and the Planets, We Have Your Information Here. Web. 11 Dec. 2010. .

The Duel Essay -- essays research papers

In reviewing John Lukacs, The Duel, I noticed that the author has other intentions in mind besides the facts. Lukacs gives a very precise account of the actualy events during those eighty days but in my opinion he wants the reader to grab the bigger concepts. One of these concepts is that Lukacs wants the reader to honestly consider just how close the Allies came to losing the war. Another of these notions is the idea that the main difference between Churchill and Hitler concerned nationalism versus patriotism and a third idea is just how greatly history can be effected by the courageous decisions of a few people.Lukacs makes strong mention of how close Hitler came to victory. Hitler got everything he wanted for so long, without even having to resort to force. Lukacs describes Hitler as ''being an amateur at generalship, but he posessed the great professional talent applicable to all human affairs: an understanding of human nature and the understanding of the weaknesses of his opponents. That was enough to carry him very far''(3). Lukacs wants to make that a point in all of his readers' minds; that Hitler could manipulate people so he could get what he wanted without resorting to violence. Of course, the threat of violence was always present but Hitler was smart enough that he could scare his enemies enough that they would not want to engage in combat. Once actually forced to fight, Hitler still dominated and he could have very possibly won the war if not for that one fatal mistake he made by hesitating in his plans against the English. I think it is important that Lukacs makes sure to get this message across because some people choose to ignore this truth due to the devastating outcomes that would have resulted if Hitler succeeded. The major point presented by Lukacs concerning the difference between Hitler and Churchill has to do with nationalim versus patriotism. Lukacs describes Hitler as a nationalist and Churchill as a patriot. He describes Hitler as a man of ideas and Churchill as a of man principles, because Churchill's ideas changed throughout the war while Hitler tended to think that his ideas were principles. In a footnote there lies a a brilliant explanation of this idea. Dr. Johnson states ''Nationalism is the last refuge of a scoundrel. Patriotism is defensive, while nationalism is aggressive. Patriotism is not a substitute for a relig... ...till evident in this directive when it says if necessary. Hitler delivered his speech for a last attempt at peace on July 19, but it did not work. One of his main goals for the speech was to disconnect the people of England from Churchill but this failed because of the manner in which he spoke about Churchill. The next day, Hitler said that the English response meant that the German attack would commenec on Britain in a few days. Looking back at how these events unfolded, everyone should be glad that Hitler made such a mistake. I, for one couldn't believe that Hitler made this mistake. Throughout reading this entire book Hitler usually makes swift, decisive actions that get results and that is why Lukacs stresses this string of events in the book.Overall, this book is wonderfully written on a very interesting topic. The reader is put in the middle of a war of nerves and will between two men, one of which we have grown up to learn to hate. This only makes us even more emotional about the topic at hand. For a history book, it was surprisingly understandable and hard to put down. It enlightened me to the complex problems that existed in the most memorable three months this century.

Physics of Dipnetting :: physics dip net netting

The Physics of Dip Netting Introduction to Dip Netting Dip netting for salmon in the Copper River is a lot of fun but is also a lot of work.ï ¿ ½ During the summer months salmon will leave their home in the ocean and travel upstream in the Copper River to spawn in its many tributaries.ï ¿ ½ Near the small town of Chitna the Copper River flows through a narrow canyon which greatly increases the speed of the river.ï ¿ ½ This makes it harder for the salmon to swim upstream.ï ¿ ½ However the canyon also creates back eddies near the shore in which the river will actually flow the opposite direction.ï ¿ ½ This is good and bad news for the salmon.ï ¿ ½ Good news because the back eddies are flowing the direction the salmon want to go which makes their trip a lot easier.ï ¿ ½ And bad news (from the salmons point of view of course), it makes the salmon easier to catch because the water is flowing the ideal direction for dip netters as shown in the pictures below. ï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½ Notice that the back eddie makes it really easy for the dip netter.ï ¿ ½ If there was no back eddie the current would push the net the other direction, which makes dip netting a lot harder. The Physics The physics of dip netting is really quite simple.ï ¿ ½ All a person has to do is find a back eddie with a nice constant current and hold the net underwater in the hopes a salmon will swim into it.ï ¿ ½ The physics then becomes a static equilibrium problem which means that none of the parts are moving in any way either in translation or in rotation (applies only to reference frame used) (Halliday 307).ï ¿ ½ This is illustrated in the picture below. The dip net pole can be compared to a lever of class 1 and the lever principle can be applied, similar to the applet at http://www.walter-fendt.de/ph11e/lever.htm.ï ¿ ½ As stated in the applet from the Contemporary College Physics Simulation Library a lever is in balance if the total left side torque is equal to the total right side torque.ï ¿ ½ Applying that statement to the picture above the person must apply a much greater force on the pole in order to maintain torque equilibrium because the distance from the pivot point is much less than the distance from the force of the current to the pivot point.ï ¿ ½ This can be expressed mathematically. ï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½ F1D1 = F2D2.ï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½ ï ¿ ½(where F is each force, and D is the distance each force is from the pivot point)

Symbols and Symbolism in Cranes The Red Badge of Courage Essay

Characters as Symbols in Crane's The Red Badge of Courage    The Red Badge of Courage was a significant novel in the way that the characters were portrayed. Crane hardly ever used the actual names of the soldiers. He simply described them as the loud soldier, the tall soldier, the cheery soldier, and the tattered soldier. Crane made the characters stand out in the use of describing them and promoting their relationship with Henry and his struggle during the battles. Crane did a fantastic job with relating the different characters with different roles that Henry was involved in. The loud soldier, tall soldier, cheery soldier, and tattered soldier all have a significant part in creating the novel. The characters in the book are there to serve Henry by prompting him to action or reflection or by being a comparison or contrast to him. In The Red Badge of Courage, the loud soldier's real name was Wilson. His character dramatically changed as the novel progressed. At the beginning of the novel, Wilson is an extremely loud and boastful soldier. This is exactly how he received the name loud soldier. Wilson is initially loud, opinionated, and naà ¯ve. For the first half of the book, Crane refers to him almost exclusively as "the loud soldier." Some examples of his loud and obnoxious self was when Crane described him as the loud one from a corner and when the loud soldier kept saying "Huh, and shucks" (Crane 11)! When Henry and the loud soldier talk of fighting the loud soldier seemed so confident and self-assured that he said, "We've got `em now. At last, by the eternal thunders, we'll lick `em good" (19)! Another time Henry encounters the loud soldier he indignantly assures Henry that if battle occurs, he will... ...to help Henry. Overall, these characters have a strong role and relationship with Henry. Works Cited and Consulted: Berryman, John, Stephen Crane: A Critical Biography.   1950.   Rpt. In Discovering Authors.   Vers. 1.0. CD-ROM.   Detriot:   Gale, 1992. Bloom, Harold, ed.   Modern Critical Interpretations:   Stephan Crane's The Red Badge of Courage.   New Yourk:   Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. Cody, Edwin H. Stephen Crane.   Revised Edition.   Boston:   Twayne Publishers, 1980. Crane, Stephen. The Red Badge of Courage.   Logan, IA:   Perfection Learning Corporation, 1979. Gibson, Donald B. The Red Badge of Courage:   Redefining the Hero.   Boston:   Twayne Publishers, 1988. Wolford, Chester L.   "Stephen Crane."   Critical Survey of Long Fiction.   Ed. Frank N. Magill.   English Language Series.   Vol. 2. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Salem Press, 1991.

Health History Essay

Health assessment thus plays an important role to provide information about one’s health. Assessment is the first step in the nursing process and includes collection, verification, organization, interpretation and documentation of data. (Sue C. DeLaune and Patriciak . Ladner,2011) Almost every admitted patient the first time required the implementation of the health assessment to determine their health condition to enable healthcare plans and implementation what they need to do. On way of organizing the information that nurse need to collect is by using a nursing framework . A framework for assessment , the nurse systematically collecting the physical, psychological, socio cultural and different aspects of the activities of living. There are a number of organizing frameworks for collection of data. For example, the Gordon’s functional health patterns. Many health care agencies use an admission assessment format which assists the nurse in collecting data in specific categories of functioning. Richard Hogston and Penelope M. Simpson,2002) Most of the hospital and health care agencies have developed their own structured assessment tools. The following will be relatively compare by using Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns as framework between the assessment from health care setting is currently using about interview on an adult. Compare these two interviews in term of structure, comprehensiveness, and applicability. Structure  Gordon’s functional health patterns, which are consistent with the human need philosophy, can provide a framework for nursing education. The eleven functional health patterns identified by Gordon’s are as follow: Health Perception and Management, Activity and Exercise, Nutrition and Metabolism, Elimination, Sleep and Rest, Congnition and Perception, Self-Perception and Self-Concept, Roles and Relationships, Coping and stress Management, Sexuality and Reproduction, Values and Beliefs. Carol R. Taylor, Priscilla Lemone, Carol Lillis, Pamcla Lynn, 2008) These functional health patterns areas allow gathering and clustering of information about a patient’s usual patterns and any recent changes in order to decide if the patient’s response is functional or dysfunctional. If the assessment is effective or positive that will not have to deal. If the results of the assessment is invalid or negative that will have to deal with through nursing care plan. The assessment from health care setting which are consistent with Profile such as name, age, sex, religion, reason for seeking healthcare, family history, allergy history, health history, current health status, self-care ability, general condition, consciousness, communicative ability, language, nutritional state, skin state, limbs, special senses, emotional state, daily habits ,leisure, introduction of environment, use of facilities, religion and risk assessment . The assessment from health care setting as the same as Gordon’s functional assessment are including Health-Perception Health-Management, Elimination, Nutritional-Metabolic, Activity- exercise, Value-belief patterns and Sleep-rest. Not the same as Gordon’s functional assessment form, the assessment from health care did not mention of Congnitive- Perception, Self-Perception-Self Concept, Role-Relationship, Sexuality-Reproductive and Coping-Stress-Tolerance. The assessment form health care setting can be divided into seven section including Biographical data, Reason for seeking health care provider, History of present health concern, Rest health history, Family health history, review of body systems for current health problem, life-style and health practices profile. The Gordon’s functional pattern mainly is open-ended questions such as have you religions beliefs helped you to deal with problems in the past? How? Contrary, the assessment from health care setting mainly is closed-ended question such as what is your religion. The Gordon’s functional health patterns is more concentrated. Each type of health patterns divided into objective and subjective information. The assessment from health care setting structure is more untrammeled. The same types of problems can be classified into different types of items such as nutritional state it can be combine with diet of daily habits. Comprehensiveness Gordon’s functional health patterns is a method devised by Marjory Gordon to be used by the nurse in the nursing process to provide more comprehensive assessment of the patient. Gordon emphasizes that the eleven functional patterns artificially divided integrated human functioning. Eleven functional health patterns described as follows. Health Perception and Health Management. It’s focused on the person’s perceived level of health and well-being, and on practices for maintaining health. Nutritional Metabolic Pattern it’s focused on the pattern of food and fluid consumption relative to metabolic need. Elimination Pattern. It’s focused on excretory patterns (bowel, bladder, skin). Activity and Exercise Pattern. It’s focused on the activities of daily living requiring energy expenditure, including self-care activities, exercise, and leisure activities. Cognitive-Perceptual Pattern. It’s focused on the ability to comprehend and use information and on the sensory functions. Neurologic functions, Sensory experiences such as pain and altered sensory input. Sleep Rest Pattern. It’s focused on the person’s sleep, rest, and relaxation practices. Self-Perception-Self-Concept Pattern its focused on the person’s attitudes toward self, including identity, body image, and sense of self-worth. Role-Relationship Pattern. It’s focused on the person’s roles in the world and relationships with others. Sexuality and Reproduction. It’s focused on the person’s satisfaction or dissatisfaction with sexuality patterns and reproductive functions. Coping-Stress Tolerance Pattern. its focused on the person’s perception of stress and coping strategies Support systems, evaluated symptoms of stress, effectiveness of a person’s coping strategies. Value-Belief Pattern it’s focused on the person’s values and beliefs. (Janet Weber, Jane Kelly ,1998) Indeed, Gordon’s functional health pattern can reflect the potential of the patient health problem. The assessment from health care setting is less comprehensive than Gordon’s patterns. The assessment from health institution reflect the patient’s admission status, previous health status, daily habits and risk assessment. The form are lack of assess such as congnitive and percepyual, sexuality and reproductive, role and relationship, self-perception and self concept, coping and stress. It is not difficult to find Gordon functional assessment are more detailed than assessment form health care setting. For example, Gordon functional assessment including nutritional metabolic that it contain skin examination. Mucous membranes, edema status, thyroid status, gag reflex and assess jugular vein distention etc. On the contrary, the assessment from health institution about nutritional status can only choose normal or abnormal. It is lack of sufficient information than Gordon’s patterns. In addition, the case of infertility patient often leads to significant pressure for fear of failed surgery. After the embryo transfer, she have to face with the failure of implantation. Both physically and mentally cause to great pressure. According Gordon’s assessment, form coping –stress tolerance pattern, it is able to know patient was very unhappy because of infertility. Patient thought it is too much pressure if the embryo cannot implantation. Nurse can give psychological counseling to the patient that allows patient to reduce stress through assessment. In comparison of assessment from health institution, it is not mention about coping-stress tolerance patterns. So there is no assess of the infertility patient that need to take care of their psychologic problem. Compare with two different assessment form, Gordon’s patterns was more comprehensive than assessment from health institution, but it is not the most comprehensive assessment. If two new domains add to the assessment tool safety/protection and growth/development that the assessment will become more complete. Safety/Protection for a risk of injury as a result of the interaction of environmental conditions interacting with the individual’s adaptive and defensive resources. (Wilson Giddens,2001) Growth and Development for altered physical growth, typical of age group, inability to perform self –care or self control activities appropriate for age etc. (Wilson Giddens,2001) Through these two items that nurse can prevent some of risk environment and assess patient growth/development to let nurse understanding what problem patient have be exist. Applicability Gordon’s patterns can provide extensive and detailed information that can reflect patient’s health status but it is very time-consuming and may have to one hour or more. It is not difficult to imagine that nurse have to deal with numerous new patients in each day. The situation is difficult to use Gordon’s patterns to assess patient’s condition in the limited manpower especially at the night duty. Second, patient discharged from hospital earlier than before because based on cost-effectiveness and patient well-being. For example in-vitro fertilization(IVF), colonoscopy, inguinal hernia such as this operation usually encourage patients rest in the day care center replace of stay in the hospital for a few day. This situation need nurse faster and more efficient assess of the patient condition. Third, patient admitted to hospital in a critical situation simply can not conduct a detailed physical assessment. In this situation like cardiac arrest, choking, an immediate diagnosis is needed to provide prompt treatment. That why initial comprehensive assessment like Gordon’s assessment is not suitable for this condition. Fourth, the patient’s disease information may have already obtained by the attending doctor before patient admission. Therefore it is not meaningful for the nurse to collect the same health’s information. The nurse can more in-depth to assess patient base on the information obtained by doctors. For this IVF case, it suggest using a assessment from institution. Compare with Gordon’s assessment, it easy showed cause of admission and patient;s general condition. The Gordon’s assessment of many question is irrelevant. For example, general appearance is no need to assess for the IVF case. On the other hand ,embryo transfer just a minor surgery that patient are not request stay in hospital . Using simple assessment like assessment from institution for the sake of save more time and work more effectively. Gordon’s assessment is more complex than assessment from institution so assessment from institution it is more applicable than Gordon’s assessment form. Conclusion There are many nursing assessment frameworks have been developed. The most widely used organize frameworks for nursing diagnoses it based on functional health patterns described by Gordon. Using systematic guidelines specifically developed for a nursing assessment ensures that comprehensive, holistic data are collected for each patient. Health care institutions establish a minimum data set that specifies the information that must be collective from every patient and use a structured assessment form to organize or cluster this data. A nurse chooses a particular framework for a variety of reason. Choice may be based on what is used in the particular health care institution or nursing needs of a particular patient population.

Is presented in the 1997 film Essay

Hale is upset because he knows that John is innocent and he feels guilty because he was involved and doesn’t want to see an innocent man hang also he realises hoe precious life is and doesn’t want John to give it away: â€Å"Life is god’s greatest gift† Parris and Danforth are annoyed with John because if he had confessed to witch craft it would have justified all the other hangings but they understand that when they hang John they will be ruined and exposed as corrupt that is why it is slightly ironic when Danforth says â€Å"Whoever weeps for these weeps for corruption† The ending of the play is very dramatic using Elizabeth as the last person to speak saying the line â€Å"he have his goodness now god forbid I take it from him† this is telling us that she realises that he is a good man. Also seeing Elizabeth’s reactions and emotions it guides the audience and shows them how they should react themselves. During the Conclusion of the film adaptation the director shows lots of close ups of John and Elizabeth to show emotion which would have been expressed on the stage, this is affective because it shows you exactly how you should be feeling and why it is so emotional to John and Elizabeth. Also the music helps set the scene using dramatic music when John is deciding whether to sign or not an happier music when he decides to hang if the music was not their it would be difficult for the crowd to understand that the hanging is a good event rather than a sad event. The comments in â€Å"echoes down the corridor† are significant because they explain what John Proctor has hung for because when he says: â€Å"Show honours now show a stony heart and sink them with it† It explains that he â€Å"sunk† the court and broke theocracy in Salem. Miller persuades you that John Proctor didn’t die in vain. Also Miller is trying to put the point across that falsely accusing people of something they haven’t done has grave consequences’ this has links to himself and McCarthyism. In the play the ending scene is finished with Elizabeth because it would be difficult to show a real hanging on a stage without actually hurting some one and also leaving it their it’s a lot more dramatic showing the hanging through Elizabeth’s eyes. Were as in the film you see John Proctor hang this looses a lot of the drama in the ending scenes but it gives you a much more clear ending. Even though the endings are similar the play creates a lot more suspense ending on Elizabeth’s words rather than the actual hanging of John Proctor. In conclusion, Miller’s message is that McCarthyism was wrong and has portrayed the message through â€Å"The Crucible† maybe linking himself to the character of John Proctor. His message is portrayed extremely well using suspense and drama to get his points across. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section.

Countryside v.sCity Life Essay

Have you ever thought about your birth place? Do you make your own decision where to live? I believe every person, in a certain time, think about the place they should live: countryside or city? To make the best choice, we must look at three big differences between countryside and city: the environment, education, entertainment. First of all, the countryside has a quiet and peaceful environment. Since most people living in the countryside make their living mainly on farming, the atmosphere is kept fresh and healthy. They are living close to the nature with green vegetables, pure water. In the countryside, people are neither in a hurry, nor anxious. They can stay in their house until they feel the need to visit their farm. On the contrary, the city has a busy and stressful environment. Everyday city dwellers have to face with pollution by noise and smoke from a huge amount of vehicles. Since many people work in factories or offices, and they also get paid by working hours, every day they are full of schedules and plans. As a result, they are suffering more pressures than those living in the countryside. The next difference between city and countryside is education. In the countryside, there are not many high graded school, many students have to go to the big city for higher education. While schools in the countryside don’t provide much services for students, many schools in the big city are equipped with modern labs supporting for practice and research. Others with workshops on or off campus give the learners the best training for later work. Schools in big cities also offer many activities for low grade students like field trips and boys and girls club. In higher levels, with many exhibitions, fairs, festivals and conferences, students are much easier to do their researches. Entertainment is another concern of many people. In the countryside, entertainment is only in some physical activities: fishing, biking, hiking, swimming. These things, in fact, are only practice outside and sometime not enough for the human nonstop needs. In big cities, there are more culture activities like concerts and cinemas making the richness of mental life. Entertainment of the nightlife including casinos, clubs, hotels, recreation and shopping centers, gyms, fashion centers, contributes to the liveliness of a city, which we are hardly find in the countryside. In conclusion, both countryside and city has their own values. Therefore, people can choose living in the countryside or in the city depending on their most needs. For me, each person only has one life. We are not able to choose the birth place but we completely can choose the place to live. That is the part of reaching our most optimal peak of life. Once we look back we are proud of the happy time we have ever lived in that place.

Cinderella and Fairy God Mother Essay

Cinderella’s story portrays a perfect example of that GOD is with those with whom no one is. Poor Cinderella grew up without her mother, and then later was raised fatherless in an abusive environment by her wicked stepmother and two stepsisters. Deprived of her possessions, rights, and dignity, she is forced to toil daily in the house her family once owned but although she lost a lot but she never loses hope. Cinderella is shown as a good hearted young lady. She is hard working and does her best to make her dreams true. She is loyal to her friends and her work, she never lets her friends down. She is also good in studies and fulfills all of her duties without negligence which shows that she is responsible. She is smart and sensible. Her character displays her kind nature, she is very obedient she has been emotionally and physically tortured by her step mother and step sisters but still she respects and obeys them and does her best to keep them happy. She is just like a normal high school girl, with large hopes and ambitions. She quietly searches for her prince charming to find peace of heart. She gets her heart broken again and again but yet she never lets herself get broke. She is not evil and avoids being in conflicts at school, even while being bullied she does not react back which shows that she is very decent. She tries to make others happy by putting others ahead of her own self. THE ROLE OF FAIRY GOD MOTHER: Without fairy God Mother cinderella’s story would not have been complete, fairy god mother in the form of her friend helps her through out her journey. She is very good towards cinderella she Supports Cinderella both verbally and practically, shows her the right path through the darkest of times and guides her to meet her unknown friend. Fairy Godmother always appears in the right place at the right time. Fairy God mother is a god’s gift to Cinderella. Cinderellas good character and the role of fairy god mother in her life are the only reasons that in the end she gets what she truly deserves.

Argument synthesis and analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Argument synthesis and analysis - Essay Example Makey Makey in a way demystified the computer. The hardware and engineering of a computer used to be intimidating that we thought it requires a high degree of understanding electronics and engineering and Makey Makey showed that it does not necessarily need to be so. One can make his or her pet a mouse or replace the keyboard with a banana. This innovation can in fact enable anyone to make his or her own customize computer depending on the application of their preference. If people chose to, they can now make a piano with bananas or stairs as their keyboard. This invention is already proven in the market and its application is clearly illustrated in the clip. Its claim to replace computer’s input devices such as keyboard and mouse can be done through the use of Arduino although Makey Makey can run through it without understanding what Arduino is. The technology behind Makey Makey is through a â€Å"printed circuit board with an  ATMega32u4 microcontroller running Arduino Leonardo bootloader. It uses the Human Interface Device (HID) protocol to communicate with your computer, and it can send keypresses, mouse clicks, and mouse movements† (Silver). This explains why a banana or a stairs can be used as a keyboard or piano because it replaces the keyboard and mouse with any object through the Human Interface Device (HID) protocol to communicate with your computer. It is done through the alligator pin where the object suddenly becomes a Human Interface Device. The technology behind also to make it responsive to human skin including animals, leaves, it used With regard to the use high resistance switching   with a â€Å"pull-up resistor of 10-50 mega ohms. This technique attracts noise on the input, so we use a moving window averager to lowpass the noise in software, saving money on hardware filtering. There are six inputs on the front of the board, which can be

Qualitive Research Critique Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Qualitive Critique - Research Paper Example This is done in order to study the perception of shift from the paper dependent system of documentation to electronic method of documentation (Kelley et al., 2011). The study design is descriptive in nature as it is based on observations and surveys. The application of the electronic system permits accurate documentation of the information’s regarding patients. The system is designed in such a way that the nurses are able to operate it efficiently and improve the flow of communication between the health centre, nurses, and patients. The electronic form of documentation also improves the final outcome that is the status of the patient’s heath when the person is discharged without any error (Kelley et al., 2011). The relationship between the nursing profession and electronic form of information recording is presented in the paper. The quality of the service provided to the patients is very essential for the overall success of the hospitality. The ‘Donabedian’s model of quality’ is used for the literature part as the model is familiar to most of the nurses as a method of data collection. The framework that presents the structure of the total work performed, the process followed and the ultimate result of the process implemented (Kelley et al., 2011). Moreover, questionnaire survey and interview was also conducted to derive accurate data from the respective sources. Many research papers of ‘Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and PubMed has been used in the articles. All the articles used are based on three components of Donabedian’s model. On the other hand, interview and questionnaire method is also used in the research to analyse the attitude of the nurses towards the electronic system (Kelley et al., 2011). Nursing documentation is a vital factor of nursing practice that needs maintenance for safety as well as ethics. The information